
First, the therapist gathers detailed information about the client’s history, current concerns, and treatment goals. This helps identify memories and experiences that may be contributing to distress. Together, the therapist and client develop a personalized treatment plan that guides the EMDR process.
Next, the therapist explains how EMDR therapy works and helps the client develop coping strategies for managing emotional distress. These skills may include grounding techniques, relaxation exercises, and other tools that help ensure the client feels safe and supported throughout the process.
Then, the client identifies specific memories related to the trauma along with the negative beliefs connected to those experiences. The therapist also helps the client identify a more adaptive or positive belief that will eventually replace the negative one.
During the desensitization phase, the therapist guides the client through bilateral stimulation, typically eye movements or tapping, while the client briefly focuses on the traumatic memory. This process allows the brain to reprocess the experience, gradually reducing the emotional intensity associated with the memory.
After the emotional distress has decreased, the therapist works with the client to strengthen a more positive and adaptive belief. This step helps reinforce healthier ways of thinking about the experience and about oneself.
Following this, the client is asked to notice any lingering physical sensations related to the memory. If tension or discomfort remains, additional processing may occur until the body feels calm and relaxed.
At the end of each session, the therapist ensures the client returns to a state of emotional stability. Clients may review coping strategies or grounding exercises so they leave the session feeling safe and supported.
Finally, the therapist and client review progress at the beginning of subsequent sessions. This phase helps determine whether the targeted memory has been fully processed or whether additional work is needed.

